Understanding the Life Cycle of a Producing Well: A Journey from Planning to Reclamation by Mike Hopkinson

Masirah Oil Limited recently completed its multi-well programme in the offshore Yumna Field in Block 50 Oman on 8 June 2024. The task was achieved in less than the planned 90 days and below budget. Upgrading of the current process facilities to optimise production from the Yumna Field is underway and will be completed after the monsoon season in September 2024. Higher flowrates will be realised by improving and increasing the fluid (water and oil) production capacity of the flowline and water separation on the MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Facility).

The life cycle of an oil and gas well can span decades and involves several phases. Read on to discover more!

1. Planning

Following an oil discovery and appraisal, the production journey of a well begins with detailed planning. Geologists, geophysicists, and reservoir engineers analyse data to identify the potential drilling location of the production well, for which a Plan for Development (PDO) and Operation would have to be prepared and submitted to the authorities. Once approved, a drilling rig, equipment and materials are procured before drilling can commence.

2. Drilling

The drilling phase usually takes about 30 days to reach the target depth, often extending kilometres below the surface. This phase involves creating a secure wellbore, protected by steel casings and cement to safeguard freshwater aquifers. Blowout preventers are installed to manage downhole pressures, ensure safety and protection of the environment.

3. Completion

After drilling, the well undergoes completion to prepare for production. In the case of the Yumna Field, this takes approximately 10 days.

4. Production

In the production phase, hydrocarbons are brought to the surface. If necessary, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) or gas lift may be installed to assist in lifting the oil. The extracted oil, and saltwater are separated and stored in tanks. The well can produce for decades (depending on the volume of reserves in the reservoir), contributing significantly to energy supply. It is the natural progression for a well to produce a higher percentage of water over time.

5. Well Abandonment

Eventually, the well reaches the end of its economic life. The well is permanently abandoned according to local regulations by filling it with cement and capping it below the surface.

The life cycle of a producing well exemplifies the complexity and precision involved in energy production. From meticulous planning to safe abandonment, each step is essential in ensuring the efficient extraction and delivery of energy.

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